今天VPS安装debian10后，发现系统默认的apt源地址都有点问题，经测试，Debian 10（buster）可用的国内软件源如下：

Debian10阿里云源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib

Debian10网易163源：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib

备份
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
在 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件，注释原文件所有内容，前面添加上面的条目。

/etc/apt/sources.list 是包管理工具 apt 所用的记录软件包仓库位置的配置文件
其中，deb：档案类型为二进制预编译软件包，一般我们所用的档案类型。
deb-src：档案类型为用于编译二进制软件包的源代码

最后 apt-get update 进行更新